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PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH: STAGES OF LABOUR
Some women experience pains similar to labour pains from the seventh month onwards. These pains are known as ‘false labour pains’. If you have these pains, and they last a long time or are associated with a show of blood or water, then see your practitioner or go to the nearest hospital.
First stage
True labour pains occur in the lower abdomen and are cramp-like in nature. These pains usually last from 15 to 30 seconds and are spaced 10 to 20 minutes apart. When these pains start then the mother is in the first stage of labour.
It is common to have a ‘show’, a ‘show’ being the term used to describe the bloodstained mucous. This is followed later, especially after a labour pain, by water. This is known as the breaking of the waters. The waters, or liquor amnii, are produced by the thin lining membrane called ‘the amnion’. This fluid encases the unborn baby, protecting it from external harm. The waters are also important as they lubricate and cleanse the birth canal and help dilate the cervix.
Second stage
The second stage of labour is said to have started when the cervix is fully dilated (expanded). In this stage the contractions will occur every two to three minutes, they may even be more frequent and usually last one to two minutes.
The mother will now have a desire to bear down or push and at this stage she should be encouraged to pant, keeping her mouth open and not holding her breath.
There will be a bulging of the perineum and an increase in the flow of the bloodstained waters. Baby’s head should now be visible and be facing the mother’s anus. As the birth progresses the baby’s head will usually turn to one side.
With the next push, if all is going to plan, the most exciting experience occurs, the birth of the new baby. This newcomer to our world is wet and slippery and is still attached to the mother by the umbilical cord.
Third stage
The third stage of labour is the delivery of the placenta or afterbirth, up to 10 or more minutes after the birth of the baby. To encourage the expulsion of the placenta, the baby will be put on the mother’s breast. This breastfeeding will also help the uterus to contract and control bleeding.
The new child
The wonder of the creation of this new life will last a lifetime. Parents and relatives, after counting all the fingers and toes, are already looking closely at the baby’s ears, nose, and chin to decide which members of the family the baby takes after.
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